mention: indicates a calling attention to, either by name or by clear but incidental reference: failed to ~ the incident.    （refer介绍或提及或判断implies an intentional introduction, or mention, or judgment，如referred to her claims as fantasy称她的主张是幻想） incidental其次的，非主要的


name: implies the clear mentioning of a name and therefore may suggest more explicitness: ~d three people as participants in the crime.   （explicit明确 implies being so plain and distinct that there is no need for inference and no reason for ambiguity or difficulty非常清楚明白，不推理也不会误解，如the dress code is explicit着装规范很明确）


instance: may indicate a clear specific reference or citation as a typical example or a special case: failed in her attempt to ~ a clear example.   specific=detailed具体即详细，definite=clear明确即清晰


specify: implies the making of a statement so precise, explicit, and detailed that misunderstanding is impossible: use only ingredients and amounts ~ied.    (从事技术工作的人要读技术规范technical specification，喜欢手机电子产品要读产品规格product specification)


mention提到说起: 使人注意某事，既可以指说出名字也可以指顺带说起（refer介绍提及判断）， name指名: 明确说出名字，instance举例: 引用某物做为具体典型例子， specify准确详述、规范: 形容语言精确详细，避免误解


记忆方法: 1）首字母MNIS是MISNomer误称前4个字母<==指名错误             （misnomer误称，使用错误名称，如Holy Roman Empire神圣罗马帝国，既不神圣也不在罗马也不是帝国；铅笔里没有铅而是石墨；跳棋Chinese checkers是德国人发明的和中国无关，考拉koala bear不是熊而是有袋动物marsupial）

         2）指名的意思是明确具体说到某物mean to make clear or specific by referring to something explicitly.